In the present study, we investigate a new type of warped products on manifolds with indefinite metrics, namely, warped product lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Kaehler manifolds with a slant factor. First, we show that indefinite Kaehler manifolds do not admit any proper warped product semi-slant lightlike submanifolds of the type $N_{T}\times_{\lambda}N_{\theta}$, $N_{\theta}\times_{\lambda}N_{T}$, $N_{\perp}\times_{\lambda}N_{\theta}$ and $N_{\theta}\times_{\lambda}N_{\perp}$, where $N_{T}$ is a holomorphic submanifold, $N_{\perp}$ is a totally real submanifold and $N_{\theta}$ is a proper slant submanifold. Then, we study warped product semi-slant lightlike submanifolds of the type $B\times_{\lambda}N_{\theta}$, where $B = N_{T}\times N_{\perp}$, of an indefinite Kaehler manifold. Following this, we give one non-trivial example for this kind of warped products of indefinite Kaehler manifolds. Then, we establish a geometric estimate for the squared norm of the second fundamental form involving the Hessian of warping function $\lambda$ for this class of warped products. Finally, we present a sharp geometric inequality for the squared norm of second fundamental form of warped product semi-slant lightlike submanifolds of the type $B\times_{\lambda}N_{\theta}$.

The copointed liftings of the Fomin–Kirillov algebra $\mathcal{FK}_3$ over the algebra of functions on the symmetric group $\mathbb{S}_3$ were classified by Andruskiewitsch and the author. We demonstrate here that those associated to a generic parameter are Morita equivalent to the regular blocks of well-known Hopf algebras: the Drinfeld doubles of the Taft algebras and the small quantum groups $u_{q}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. The indecomposable modules over these were classified independently by Chen, Chari–Premet and Suter. Consequently, we obtain the indecomposable modules over the generic liftings of $\mathcal{FK}_3$. We decompose the tensor products between them into the direct sum of indecomposable modules. We then deduce a presentation by generators and relations of the Green ring.

We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition on the Haar coefficients of a real function $f$ defined on $\mathbb{R}^+$ for the Lipschitz $\alpha$ regularity of $f$ with respect to the ultrametric $\delta(x,y)=\inf \{|I| : x, y\in I; I\in\mathcal{D}\}$, where $\mathcal{D}$ is the family of all dyadic intervals in $\mathbb{R}^+$ and $\alpha$ is positive. Precisely, $f\in \mathrm{Lip}_\delta(\alpha)$ if and only if ${\vert\langle{f}{h^j_k}\rangle\vert}\leq C 2^{-(\alpha + 1/2)j}$ for some constant $C$, every $j\in\mathbb{Z}$ and every $k=0,1,2,\ldots$ Here, as usual, $h^j_k(x)= 2^{j/2}h(2^jx-k)$ and $h(x)=\mathcal{X}_{[0,1/2)}(x)-\mathcal{X}_{[1/2,1)}(x)$.

Flips of triangulations appear in the definition of cluster algebras by Fomin and Zelevinsky. In this article we give an interpretation of mutation in the sense of permutation using triangulations of a convex polygon. We thus establish a link between cluster variables and permutation mutations in the case of cluster algebras of type $\mathbb{A}$.

In this brief note we aim to provide, through a well-known class of singular densities in harmonic analysis, a simple approach to the fact that the homogeneity of the universe on scales of the order of a hundred million light years is entirely compatible with the fine- scale condensation of matter and energy. We give precise and quantitative definitions of homogeneity and isotropy on large scales. Then we show that Muckenhoupt densities have the ingredients required for a model of the large-scale homogeneity and the fine-scale condensation of the universe. In particular, these densities can take locally infinitely large values (black holes) and, at the same time, they are independent of location at large scales. We also show some locally singular densities that satisfy the large-scale isotropy property.

The edge-intersection graph of a family of paths on a host tree is called an EPT graph. When the host tree has maximum degree $h$, we say that the graph is $[h,2,2]$. If the host tree also satisfies being a star, we have the corresponding classes of EPT-star and $[h,2,2]$-star graphs. In this paper, we prove that $[4,2,2]$-star graphs are $2$-clique colorable, we find other classes of EPT-star graphs that are also $2$-clique colorable, and we study the values of $h$ such that the class $[h,2,2]$-star is $3$-clique colorable. If a graph belongs to $[4,2,2]$ or $[5,2,2]$, we prove that it is $3$-clique colorable, even when the host tree is not a star. Moreover, we study some restrictions on the host trees to obtain subclasses that are $2$-clique colorable.

This paper investigates the existence of weak solutions to a fuel cell problem modeled by a boundary value problem (BVP) in the multiregion domain. The BVP consists of the coupled Stokes/Darcy-TEC (thermoelectrochemical) system of elliptic equations, with Beavers–Joseph–Saffman and regularized Butler–Volmer boundary conditions being prescribed on the interfaces, porous-fluid and membrane, respectively. The present model includes macrohomogeneous models for both hydrogen and methanol crossover. The novelty in the coupled Stokes/Darcy-TEC system lies in the presence of the Joule effect together with the quasilinear character given by (1) temperature dependence of the viscosities and the diffusion coefficients; (2) the concentration-temperature dependence of Dufour–Soret and Peltier–Seebeck cross-effect coefficients, and (3) the pressure dependence of the permeability. We derive quantitative estimates of the solutions to clarify smallness conditions on the data. We use fixed-point and compactness arguments based on the quantitative estimates of approximated solutions.

We consider an improved lopsided shift-splitting (ILSS) preconditioner for solving three- by-three block saddle point problems. This method enhances the work of Zhang et al. [Comput. Appl. Math. 41 (2022), 261]. We prove that the iteration method produced by the ILSS preconditioner is unconditionally convergent. Additionally, we show that all eigenvalues of the ILSS preconditioned matrix are real, with non-unit eigenvalues located in a positive interval. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the ILSS preconditioner.

The reconstruction problem for a multivalued linear operator (linear relation) $T$ is viewed as the exploration of some properties of $T$ from those of a restriction of $T$ on an invariant linear subspace.

In this paper, we are dedicated to studying the Schrödinger equations in the presence of a magnetic field. Based on variational methods, especially the mountain pass theorem, we obtain ground state solutions for the system under certain assumptions.