Local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras

In this paper, we characterize the local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras over the complex field $\mathbb{C}$. Furthermore, we prove that every local superderivations on Cartan type simple Lie superalgebras is a superderivations. As an application, using the results on local superderivations we characterize the $2$-local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras. We prove that every $2$-local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras is a superderivations.


Introduction
As a natural generalization of Lie algebras, Lie superalgebras are closely related to many branches of mathematics. The classification of all finite dimensional simple Lie superalgebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero has been obtained by Kac [10], which consists of classical Lie superalgebras and Cartan type Lie superalgebras. Cartan type Lie superalgebras play an important role in the category of Lie superalgebras. Cartan type Lie superalgebras over C are subalgebras of the full superderivation algebras of the exterior superalgebras. The structural theory of these superalgebras has been playing a * Supported by the National Natural Science The concept of local derivation was introduced in 1990 by Kadison [11], Larson and Sourour [13], and the authors studied local derivations of Banach algebra. In 2001 Johnson showed that every local derivation from a C * -algebra A into a Banach A-bimodule is a derivation [9]. Local derivations on the algebra S(M, τ ) were studied deeply in paper [1]. In recent years, local derivations have aroused the interest of a great many authors, see [4,8,19]. The local derivations of Lie algebras have been sufficiently studied. In 2016, the local derivations of Lie algebras were proved by Ayupov and Kudaybergenov [2], and the authors proved that every local derivation of a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero is a derivation. In 2018, Ayupov and Kudaybergenov showed that in the class of solvable Lie algebras there exist two facts. One is that local derivation is different from any other derivation and the second is that there indeed exists a kind of algebras in which each local derivations is a derivation [3]. In 2017, Chen, Wang and Nan mainly studied local superderivations on basic classical Lie superalgebras, and the authors proved that every local superderivation on basic classical Lie superalgebras except for A(1, 1) over the complex number field C is a superderivation [6]. In 2018, Chen and Wang studied local superderivations on Lie superalgebras q(n), and the authors proved that every local superderivation on q(n), n > 3, is a superderivation [5].
In this paper, we are interested in determining all local superderivations and 2-local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras over C. Let L be a Cartan type Lie superalgebra over C. The main result in this paper is a complete characterization of the local superderivations on L: LDer(L) = Der(L).
The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we recall some necessary concepts and notations. In Section 3, we establish several lemmas, which will be used to characterize the local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras. In Section 4, we determine all local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras. In Section 5, as an application, using the results on local superderivations we determine all 2-local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras.

Preliminaries
Throughout C is the field of complex numbers, N the set of nonnegative integers and Z 2 = {0,1} the additive group of two elements. For a vector superspace V = V0 ⊕ V1, we write |x| for the parity of x ∈ V α , where α ∈ Z 2 . Once the symbol |x| appears in this paper, it will imply that x is a Z 2 -homogeneous element. We also adopt the following notation: For a proposition P , put δ P = 1 if P is true and δ P = 0 otherwise.

Lie superalgebras, superderivation
Let us recall some definitions relative to Lie superalgebras and superderivations [10].
for all x, y, z ∈ L.
for all x, y ∈ L.

local superderivation and 2-local superderivation
Let us recall some definitions relative to local superderivations and 2-local superderivations [6,18]. Let L be a Lie superalgebra.

Cartan type Lie superalgebras
Let n ≥ 4 be an integer and Λ(n) be the exterior algebra in n indeterminates x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n with Z 2 -grading structure given by |x i | =1. One may define a Z-grading on Λ(n) by letting deg x i = 1, where 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Write n = 2r or n = 2r + 1, where r ∈ N. Put n 2 = r. Cartan type Lie superalgebras consist of four series of simple Lie superalgebras contained in the full superderivation algebras of Λ(n): ∂ i (f i ) = 0 (n is an even integer), where One may define a Z-grading on W (n) by letting deg The Z-grading is defined as follows: Put Then S(n) becomes a Z n -graded Lie superalgebra: The 0-degree components of these superalgebras are classical Lie algebras: Let L = ⊕ i∈Z L i be a Z-graded Lie superalgbra, H L be the standard Cartan subalgebra of L, θ ∈ H * L be the zero root, ∆ L be the root system of L. Let us describe the roots of Cartan type Lie superalgebras. If L = W (n), we choose the standard basis {ε 1 , . . . , ε n } in H * L , and then The root systems of S(n) and S(n) are obtained from the root system of W (n) by removing the roots ε 1 + · · · + ε n − ε i , where 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Finally if L = H(n), then

General lemmas
In this section, let us establish several lemmas, which will be used to characterize the local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras. [16], we have the following lemma.
Let L be a Cartan type Lie superalgebra. By Lemma 3.1 and a simple computation, we have ∆ L ′ = ∆ L and the following lemma. Suppose L is a Cartan type Lie superalgebra. For i ∈ Z and α ∈ ∆ L ′ , we put Then we have the following lemma. Proof.
(1) By Lemma 3.1, we have "⊇" part is complete. Next, we verify the "⊆" part. Let φ ∈ LDer(L). For each x ∈ L, by Lemma 3.1 there exists an element u x ∈ L ′ such that A direct verification shows that φ i×α ∈ LDer(L) i×α and (2) A similar argument as for L = S(n) works also for L = S(n).

Local Superderivations of Cartan type Lie superalgebras
In this section we shall characterize the local superderivations on Cartan type Lie superalgebras. Let L be a Cartan type Lie superalgebra and {h 1 , . . . , h l } be the standard basis of where t is a fixed algebraic number from C of degree bigger than l. Then we have the following propositions.
To apply Lemma 3.2, we give the following proposition.
Because ∂ 1 − δ L, S ξ 1 , . . . , ∂ n − δ L, S ξ n belong to different root space, so [u x , ∂ j − δ L, S ξ j ] = 0 for all 1 ≤ j ≤ n. By Lemma 3.2, we have u x ∈ L ′ −1 . Note that every root space of L ′ −1 is one dimension. Then there is 1 ≤ k ≤ l and a x ∈ C such that u This together with φ | L−1⊕HL = 0 implies that φ = 0. The proof is complete.

Applications
In this section, we will characterize the 2-local superderivation of Cartan type Lie superalgebras. In [17] P.Semrl introduced the concept of 2-local derivations. Moreover, the author proved that every 2-local derivation on B(H) is a derivation. Similarly, some authors started to describe 2-local derivation. In [12] S. Kim and J. Kim give a short proof of that every 2-local derivation on the algebra M n (C) is a derivation. A similar description for the finite-dimensional case appeared later in [15]. In the paper [14] 2-local derivations and automorphisms have been described on matrix algebras over finite-dimensional division rings. Later J. Zhang and H. Li [20] extended the above result for arbitrary symmetric digraph matrix algebras and construct an example of 2-local derivation which is not a derivation on the algebra of all upper triangular complex 2 × 2 matrices. In [7] Fosner introduced the concept of 2-local superderivations on the associctive superalgebra and the authors proved that every 2-local superderivation on superalgebra M n (C) is a superderivation. In 2017, Chen, Wang and Nan mainly studied 2-local superderivations on basic classical Lie Superalgebras, the authors proved that every 2-local superderivations on basic classical Lie superalgebras except for A(1, 1) over the complex number field C is a superderivation [18]. Using the results on local superderivations we have the following theorem.
Theorem 5.1. Let L be a Cartan type Lie superalgebra. Then every 2-local superderivation of L is a superderivation.
Proof. By the definition of 2-local superderivation, we know that every 2-local superderivation of L is a local superderivation. Let φ is an 2-local superderivation of L. Then φ ∈ LDer(L). By Theorem 4.5, we have φ ∈ Der(L).